Sidechain
A separate chain pegged to a main chain's asset.
A sidechain is a separate blockchain with its own rules whose asset is pegged to a main chain's coin: coins are locked on the main chain and released on the sidechain, and back.
Unlike a layer 2, a sidechain has its own security, sometimes its own miners. Merged mining, where one chain's work also secures another, is a related idea, used by pairs such as Bitcoin and Namecoin.
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